Method of controlling coccidiosis by the use of a nitroimidazolylthiadiazolinone

ABSTRACT

A method for controlling coccidiosis in warm-blooded animals by orally administering to said animals an edible carrier containing an effective amount of a nitroimidazolylthiadiazolinone, is described.

United States Patent [191 Carter et a].

[ Feb. 26, 1974 METHOD OF CONTROLLING COCCIDIOSIS BY THE USE OF A NITROIMIDAZOLYLTHIADIAZOLINONE [75] Inventors: Spencer Douglas Carter, Trenton; Gerald Berkelhammer, Princeton, both of NJ.

[73] Assignee: American Cyamamid Company,

Stamford, Conn.

[22] Filed: May 3, 1973 [21] App]. No.: 356,978

Related [1.8. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 236,232, March 20,

52 U.S. Cl. 424/270 [51] Int. Cl A61k 27/00 Primary Examiner-Sam Rosen Attorney, Agent, or FirmErnest Y. Miller [5 7] ABSTRACT A method for controlling coccidiosis in warm-blooded animals by orally administering to said animals an edible carrier containing an effective amount of a nitroimidazolylthiadiazolinone, is described.

7 Claims, N0 Drawings METHOD OF CONTROLLING COCCIDIOSIS BY THE USE OF A NITROIMIDAZOLYLTHIADIAZOLINONE This application is a continuation-in-part of our application Ser. No. 236,232, filed Mar. 20, 1972.

The nitroimidamlylthiadiazolinones active components of the present invention are represented by the formula:

wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and B-hydroxyethyl; R is a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl (C -C allyl,

wherein R is methyl, ethyl or B-hydroxyethyl; with a strong base such as an alkali metal alkoxide (C -C alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide (e.g., calcium or barium hydroxide) or organic base such as triethylamine, trimethylamine, pyridine or piperidine. Preferred bases are sodium and potassium alkoxides (C -C sodium and potassium hydroxide and the trialkylamines mentioned above. The reaction is carried out at a temperature between about 20 and 100C. in the presence of a solvent such as a lower saturated alkyl alcohol (C -C ether such as diethylether or tetrahydrofuran or in a hydrocarbon solvent such as xylene, toluene or benzene. This reaction yields a salt,

' corresponding to the substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-ol (alkylene C -C and R -O-R where R, is alkylene (C -C and R is alkyl (C -C and Y is a member selected from halogen, alkyl (C -C nitro and alkoxy (C -C The reaction mixture is heated to between 20C. and C. and the desired product recovered from said reaction mixture by evaporation of the solvent.

In an alternative procedure, the halide represented by R X can be added to a prepared solution of the substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-ol in a solvent containing the base. Following addition of the halide, the reaction mixture is heated to between 20C. and 100C. and the solvent subsequently evaporated to yield the desired product.

In the instance where R, B-hydroxyethyl, it is best to employ, in either of the above procedures, equimolar quantities of the 1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-ol, the base and the alkylating agent to avoid etherification of the B-hydroxyethyl group.

Graphically these reactions may be shown as follows:

where R R and X are as defined hereinabove.

The active components of this invention are highly effective anti-coccidial agents and may be used to prevent, control or treat coccidial infections in poultry, domestic, laboratory, farm or zoo animals.

The active components of the instant invention are highly effective in controlling coccidial infections in a warmblooded animal host; said active components may be administered to the warm-blooded animals in admixture with their feed or drinking water. Furthermore, the compositions may be administered in the form of tablets, pills, capsules or the like or by injection. The active components may be admixed with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for use in warm-blooded animals, however, they are usually used as a component of the animal feed or drinking water.

In accordance with the invention, the active components are orally administered to warm-blooded animals either prophylatically or therapeutically an effective amount, i.e., in the range of 10 to 500 p.p.m., and preferably 20 to 50 p.p.m., of one of the compounds of the invention or a mixture of such compounds. These compounds may be effectively administered to the animals such as chickens, turkeys, ducks and other birds in their diet or drinking water.

For use in the diet, the active components are usually made up in animal feed supplements which contain a relatively high percentage of the coccidiostat, for example, from about 1.0 to about 25 percent by weight thereof and generally from about 5.0 to 15 percent. The supplement is usually blended with the feed just prior to use or it may be added as a top dressing to the feed.

For use in drinking water the active material is generally dissolved or dispersed in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as polyethyleneglycol containing a dispersant and/or surface active agent. The concentrate generally contains from about 5 to 250 p.p.m. of the active compound and is added to the animals drinking water at the site of use.

SPECIFIC DISCLOSURE The invention will be described in greater detail in conjunction with the examples set forth below which describes the preparation and testing of the active components of the invention.

EXAMPLE I Preparation of 4-Methyl-2-( l-methyl-5-nitro-2- imidazolyl )-A -l ,3 ,4-thiadiazolin-5-one Methyl iodide (3.12 g.; 22 mmoles) is added to a solution of 5.0 g. (22 mmoles) of 2-( l-methyl-5-nitro-2- imidazolyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-ol and 1.2 g. (22 mmoles) of sodium methylate in 100 ml. of methanol. The solution is heated at reflux for 2 hours. Twice during the heating period, excess methyl iodide (1 ml.) is added. The solid residue, obtained on evaporation under vacuum, is mixed with water, filtered, and washed with methanol. There is obtained 2.8 g. of the title compound, melting point l55-l60C. Recrystalli zation from 2-methoxyethanol yields orange crystals, melting point l68l70C.

Following the procedure set forth above, but substituting allyl chloride, propyl chloride, n-butyl bromide, methoxymethyl iodide for methyl iodide yields respectively, 4-allyl-2-( l-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-A l ,3,4-thiadiazolin-5 -one; 4-propyl-2-( l-methyl-S-nitroimidazolyl)-A -l,3,4-thiadiazolin-5-one; 4-n-butyl-2- l-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl )-A I ,3 ,4-thiadiazolin- 5-one and 4-methoxymethyl-2-(l-methyl-5-nitro-2- imidazolyl)-A 1,3 ,4-thiadiazolin-5-one.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of 4-Ethyl-2-( l-methyl-S-nitro-Z- imidazolyl)-A l ,3 ,4-thiadiazlin-5-one Sodium methylate (1.19 g.; 22 mmoles) is added to a mixture of 5.0 g. (22 mmoles) of 2-( l-methyl-S-nitro- 2-imidazolyl)-l ,3,4-thiadiazol--ol and 40 ml. of methanol. After a solution forms, the solvent is removed under a flow of nitrogen.

Ethanol (40 ml.) and 3.4 g. (22 mmoles) of ethyl iodide are added and the solution is heated at reflux for 3 hours. Twice during the heating period, excess ethyl iodide (2 ml.) is added. The solvent is removed by evaporation under vacuum and the solid residue is mixed with water and collected by filtration. Recrystallization of the crude solid form ethanol yields 5.2 g. of the title compound as brown-orange crystals, melting point l25-l28C. A second recrystallization from 2- methoxyethanol yields brown-orange prisms melting at l28l30C.

Substituting potassium hydroxide or potassium tbutoxide for sodium methylate in the first step of the above process yields the potassium salt of 2-( l-methyl- 5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)- 1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-5-ol.

Similarly, in the following step isopropanol can be substituted for ethanol and ethoxyethyl chloride, mmethylbenzyl chloride, p-chlorobenzyl chloride, pmethoxybenzyl bromide or m-nitrobenzyl bromide for ethyl iodide to yield respectively, 4-ethoxyethyl-2-(l- 4 methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl )-A 1 ,3,4-thiadiazolin- S-one; 4-m-methylbenzyl-2-( l-methyl-S-nitro-Z- imidazolyl l-A -l ,3 ,4-thiadiazolin-5-one; 4-pchlorobenzyl-2-( 1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl )-A 1 ,3,4-thiadiazolin-5-one; 4-p-methoxybenzyl-2-( lmethyl-S-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-A -l ,3,4thiadiazolin- 5-one; or 4-m-nitrobenzyl-2-(l-methyl-5-nitro-2- imidazolyl)-A l ,3,4'thiadiazolin-5-one.

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of 4-Benzyl-2-( l-methyl-5-nitro-2- imidazolyl )-A -l ,3 ,4-thiadiazolin-5-one Sodium methylate (1.19 g.; 22 mmoles) is added to a mixture of 5.0 g. (22 mmoles) of 2-( l-methyl-S-nitro- 2-imidazolyl)-l ,3,4-thiadiazol-5-ol and 40 ml. of methanol. After a solution forms, the solvent is removed under a flow of nitrogen.

Tetrahydrofuran ml.) and 2.8 g. (22 mmoles) of benzyl chloride are added and the mixture is heated at reflux for 18 hours. Evaporation under vacuum yields a solid residue which is mixed with water and filtered. After washing with ethanol, there is obtained 6.2 g. of the title compound, melting point 204208C. Recrystallization from 2-methoxyethanol yields reddishbrown needles, melting point 206208C.

EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of 4-Methyl-2-( l-ethyl-5-nitro-2- imidazolyl)-A l ,3 ,4-thiadiazolin-5-one Methyl iodide (2.3 g.; 16 mmoles) is added to a solution of 0.4 g. (1.7 mmoles) of 5-( l-ethyl-5-nitro-2- imidazolyl)-l ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ol and 0.092 g. 1.7 mmoles) of sodium methylate in 10 ml. of methanol. The solution is heated at reflux for 2.5 hours. Twice during the heating period, excess methyl iodide (1 ml.) is added. The solvent is removed by evaporation under vacuum and the solid residue is mixed with water and filtered. There is obtained 0.4 g. of the title compound, melting point l40-l45C. Recrystallization from ethanol affords orange needles, melting point l50-l53C. A second recrystallization from Z-methoxyethanol increases the melting point to l52153.5C.

Following the above procedure but substituting 5-( l- B-hydroxyethyl-S-nitr0-2-imidazolyl )-l ,3 ,4-thiadiazol- 2-ol for 5-( 1-ethyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-l ,3,4- thiadiazol-2-ol, in the above reaction yields 4-methyl-2- l-fl-hydroxyethyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-A -1,3 ,4- thiadiazolin-S-one. Similarly, if ethyl iodide, benzyl iodide or allyl iodide is substituted for methyl iodide and 5-( l-B-hydroxyethyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl )-1 ,3 ,4- thiadiazol-2-ol is used, the following compounds are obtained: 4-ethyl-2-( l-,8-hydroxyethyl-5-nitro-2- imidazolyl )-A 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazolin-5-one; 4-benzyl-2-( l- B-hydroxyethyl-S-nitro-2-imida-zolyl)-A -l ,3,4- thiadiazolin and 4-allyl-2-( l-B-hydroxyethyl-5-nitro-2- imidazolyl )-A 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazolin-5-one.

EXAMPLE 5 E. Tenella Prophylactic In the following tests, 1125 Rhode Island Red male x Barred Rock female cross cockerels, 7 days old and of approximately equal size and weight, were divided into groups comprising from 5 to 20 chicks per group. These groups were placed in separate cages with wire floors. A broiler feed diet of the formulation set forth below and having graded levels of test medicament intimately blended therewith was prepared and administered to the various groups. The formulation used was as follows:

Profactor=B, l mg./ton.

The medicated and unmedicated diets were presented to the chicks and the chicks were permitted to feed and drink ad libitum from two days prior until 7 days following the oral inoculation with sporulated o0- cysts of Eimeria tenella. The number of oocysts inoculated directly into the crops of all chicks in the test was sufficient to produce severe intestinal lesions and 80 percent mortality in the untreated controls as determined prior to the time of inoculation by giving graded than 100 pinpoint lesions localized immediately around the yolk stalk) relative to the uninfected unmedicated controls. Lesions in the untreated controls were so ab irgdant and extensive as to be uncountable and produced a very severe hemorrhagic enteritis.

Data obtained appear in Table I below along with data obtained by the procedure of Example 6.

EXAMPLE 6 10 E. Acervulina Prophylactic In determining the efficacy of the compounds against the infective organism E. acervulina (one of the etio- I logical agents causing intestinal coccidiosis in chickens), Rhode Island Red male x Barred Rock female cross cockerels, 7 days old, were randomly divided into groups each comprising 5 to chicks. These groups were caged in separate units and given free access to feed and water. The diet employed was a groiler feed of the formulation given in Example 5 to which had 20 been added graded levels of test compound. Two days after presentation of the prescribed diets to the various groups, all chicks were orally inoculated with about 600,000 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina. The inoculated birds were returned to their cages and the diet was continued for 10 days until the experiment was terminated. On termination, all birds were removed from their cages and weighed, and the weights were recorded. Mortality counts were made and all birds were necropsied and the number in each group with reduced quantities of oocysts to comparable birds. Seven days intestinal lesions determined by examination of the infollowing inoculation the test was terminated and the mortality rate recorded for each group.

testinal tracts. Data obtained are presented in Table l below.

TABLE I I E. tenella E. acervulina I m N0. birds No. surwith vivor with P.p.m. Alive] reduced reduced Structure in diet total lesions lesions 'N NNCH 250 5/5 5 z 5/5 5 1 30 14/15 14 1 O2N =0 15 9/10 9 6 N s a 10 10 7 1 1 0 12 20 0 0 N NNC2H5 30 5/5 5 30 3/5 0 3 WIN Iii-N-CHP 0 7/20 0 0 J L N N-N-CH; 80 5/5 5 l C 2H5 I All birds were necropsied and the number in each i group with reduced intestinal lesions determined by examination of the intestinal tracts. Criteria for activity were percent survival andthe number of birds with marked y swsilssise in h ma ..ia!s=stin9. iy r.

We claim:

1. A method for controlling coccidial infections in a warm-blooded animal which comprises orally administering to said animal an effective amount of an anticoccidial agent of the formula:

tug/

wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and B-hydroxyethyl; R is a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl 3. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the anticoccidial agent is administered to the animal in a nutritionally balanced feed containing from 20 to 50 ppm. of said anticoccidial agent.

4. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the animal is poultry and the compound is 4-methyl-2-( lmethyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-A -1 ,3,4-thiadiazolin- 5-one.

5. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the animal is poultry and the compound is 4-ethyl-2-(lmethyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl )-A 1 ,3,4thiadiazolin- 5-one.

6. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the animal is poultry and the compound is 4-benzyl-2-(1- methyl-S-nitro-Z-imidazolyl )-A -l ,3 ,4-thiadiazolin- 5-0ne.

7. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the animal is poultry and the compound is 4-methyl-2-( lethyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-A -1,3,4-thiadiazolin- 5-one. 

2. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the anticoccidial agent is administered to the animals at a dose level of from 10 p.p.m. to 500 p.p.m. in the animal feed.
 3. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the anticoccidial agent is administered to the animal in a nutritionally balanced feed containing from 20 to 50 p.p.m. of said anticoccidial agent.
 4. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the animal is poultry and the compound is 4-methyl-2-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)- Delta 2-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-5-one.
 5. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the animal is poultry and the compound is 4-ethyl-2-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)- Delta 2-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-5-one.
 6. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the animal is poultry and the compound is 4-benzyl-2-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)- Delta 2-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-5-one.
 7. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the animal is poultry and the compound is 4-methyl-2-(1-ethyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)- Delta 2-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-5-one. 